People's perception of “psychological types”, for example, are used by the lexical approach to derive a model of personality dimensions. In addition to the social bias of language, people tend to conflate properties and traits that are similar in appearance, and this makes their opinions unscientific and unreliable, –. These differences between the ratios in language descriptors and the ratios of actual occurrences of certain behaviors, demonstrate a language bias, compromising the validity of the public's evaluations which use lexical descriptors. not just the energetic, but also the lability aspects of actions are also present in every performance. Furthermore, every action has a certain plasticity of construction and a tempo, i.e. ![]() Unless we are talking about teenagers, people are involved in communication no more than in physical or intellectual activities. There are more words describing energetic aspects of behavior than plasticity or tempo of actions.Ĭontrary to the bias of lexical descriptors in human language, healthy people are in a positive or balanced emotional state no less often than in a negative one, even when there are fewer words related to the positive states people spend on average a minimum of half a day on either sleeping, napping, sitting while eating, driving, waiting, watching, or not engaging in intense activities. This questions the validity of the lexical approach as a method for the objective study of stable individual differences. The results suggest that people's estimations of lexical material related to human behavior have emotionality, language- and dynamical capacities-related biases and therefore are unreliable. Participants with stronger physical or social endurance gave significantly more positive ratings to a variety of concepts, and participants with faster physical tempo gave more positive ratings to timing-related concepts. Non-evaluative criteria for categorization (related to complexity, organization, stability and probability of occurrence of objects) followed the polarity of evaluative criteria, and did not show independence from this polarity. Hypotheses of “background emotionality” and a “projection through capacities” were supported. Both studies contrasted the groups by a variety of capacities: endurance, lability and emotionality separately in physical, social-verbal and mental aspects of activities. by energetic and other capacities, as well as emotionality) in the semantic perception of very general verbal material. This article reports on two studies investigating differences between groups contrasted by 12 temperament traits (i.e. ![]() For the lexical approach to be valid as a method of scientific investigations, such biases should not exist in semantic perception of the verbal material that is used by this approach. A question remains, however, as to whether such an emotionality-capacities bias is strong enough to affect semantic perception of verbal material. Meanwhile the social nature of language and the presence of emotionality biases in cognition are well-recognized in psychology. The validity of the assumptions of this method about the objectivity of people's estimations is rarely questioned. ![]() The lexical approach is a method in differential psychology that uses people's estimations of verbal descriptors of human behavior in order to derive the structure of human individuality.
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